Explanation
Ishikawa diagrams and five whys are two tools that can help the project manager analyze the root causes of stakeholder engagement issues. Ishikawa diagrams, also known as fishbone diagrams or cause-and-effect diagrams, are graphical tools that show the possible causes of a problem or an effect. They can help the project manager identify the factors that influence stakeholder engagement, such as people, processes, technology, environment, etc. Five whys is a technique that involves asking "why" repeatedly until the root cause of a problem is revealed. It can help the project manager dig deeper into the reasons behind stakeholder engagement issues, such as lack of trust, communication, alignment, etc. References: PMBOK Guide, Sixth Edition, Chapter 13, Section 13.3.2.3 and Section 13.3.2.4; Engaging Stakeholders for Project Success, PMI White Paper, 2015, p. 8-9.