Explanation
The job shadowing process is a type of observation technique that involves following and watching a person performing a specific work activity. It is used to elicit information about the tasks, tools, events, and interactions involved in the work process, as well as the challenges, opportunities, and needs of the workers.
The observer can either ask questions during the observation (active approach) or after the observation (passive approach) to clarify and validate the information gathered. The job shadowing process helps the business analyst to understand the current state of the work process and to identify the potential improvements or changes required for the future state12.
The other options are not correct because:
Option A is incorrect. The job shadowing process is not a part of business analysis planning and monitoring activities. It is a part of business analysis elicitation and collaboration activities. Business analysis planning and monitoring activities involve defining the approach, scope, tasks, deliverables, schedule, and resources for the business analysis process3.
Option B is incorrect. The job shadowing process does not require the observer to keep an eye on those workers whose work routine is down and who are unable to explain their work. This is a biased and negative assumption that does not reflect the purpose and value of the job shadowing process. The job shadowing process is meant to observe any worker who performs the work activity of interest, regardless of their performance level or communication skills. The observer should respect the worker's privacy, autonomy, and dignity, and should not judge or evaluate their work4.
References:
Observation techniques for business analysts - The Functional BA, section "Observation of activities or job shadowing, is the act of studying a work activity as it is being performed." How to Make a Job Shadowing Program a Success - AIHR, section "What is job shadowing?" Business Analysis Expert Certification, CCBA® | IIBA®, section "BABOK® Guide v3", chapter 2, section 2.1 Job Shadowing: A Guide for Employees and Managers, section "Job Shadowing Etiquette"