Explanation
According to the BABOK® Guide, business goals and objectives are "the desired outcomes of a change initiative or the state of the enterprise after the successful implementation of a solution" (p. 35). They describe the ends that the organization is seeking to achieve, not the means or the activities to achieve them. Business goals and objectives provide the context and direction for the business analysis work, as well as the criteria for evaluating the value and benefits of the solution. The other options are not correct because:
A: They describe all of the required work the project will need to complete in order to reach its objectives is not a description of business goals and objectives, but rather of project scope or project deliverables.
C: They describe the processes the solution will need to improve for the project to be successful is not a description of business goals and objectives, but rather of solution requirements or solution design.
D: They describe all of the positive benefits in ratio to the risk and costs of the project is not a description of business goals and objectives, but rather of business case or value proposition.
References:
BABOK® Guide, p. 35
Business Goals and Objectives - Modern Analyst, section "What are Business Goals and Objectives?"