Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. How Firewalls Match Security Policies:
* Firewalls use security policies to define rules for filtering traffic.
* Each policy contains matching conditions (e.g., source IP, destination IP, protocol, etc.) and an action (e.g., permit or deny).
* Traffic is evaluated against these policies in sequential order, and the first matching policy is applied.
2. Analysis of Each Statement:
Option A: Multiple values can be configured for a single matching condition, and the values are logically ANDed.
* Incorrect.
* Multiple values for a single matching condition (e.g., multiple source IPs) are logically ORed, not ANDed. For example, traffic from any of the specified source IPs matches the policy.
Option B: If a security policy contains multiple matching conditions, the relationship between them is AND.
* Correct.
* When a policy has multiple matching conditions (e.g., source IP AND destination IP AND protocol), all conditions must be met for the policy to match.
Option C: The system has a default security policy named default, where all matching conditions are any and the default action is permit.
* Incorrect.
* The default security policy typically denies all traffic unless explicitly permitted by user-defined policies.
Option D: When multiple security policy rules are configured, they are sorted in a list by configuration sequence by default. A security policy rule configured earlier is placed higher in the list and has a higher priority.
* Correct.
* Security policies are processed in sequential order based on their configuration sequence. Policies configured earlier have higher priority and are evaluated first.
3. Summary:
* The correct statements are B and D.