Testicular metastases are rare and usually identified in older patients. The most frequent primary site of malignancies metastasizing to the testes is theprostate. Studies (Ulbright and Young, 2008; Mosharafa et al.,
2003) indicate that prostatic adenocarcinoma accounts for the highest number of testicular metastases, with lung and gastrointestinal tract malignancies also contributing less frequently. These metastases can be unilateral or bilateral and are often discovered incidentally during surgical intervention for prostate cancer.
The metastatic route involves retrograde venous extension, arterial embolism, or lymphatic dissemination.
Histologically, prostatic adenocarcinoma in the testis can be confirmed viaimmunohistochemical markers like prostate-specific antigen (PSA), supporting its prostatic origin.
References:
Ulbright TM, Young RH. Tumors of the Testis, Adnexa, Spermatic Cord, and Scrotum. AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology, 4th Series, Fascicle 18. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 2008.
Mosharafa AA, Foster RS, Bihrle R, et al. Clinical and pathologic features of testicular metastases from solid tumors: a 40-year review. Urology. 2003;61(5): 1064-1068.