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What is the most common cause of nutcracker syndrome?
Correct Answer: B
Nutcracker syndrome results from compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the aorta. This can cause hematuria, flank pain, and pelvic congestion due to impaired venous drainage. According to Zwiebel's Introduction to Vascular Ultrasound: "In nutcracker syndrome, the left renal vein is compressed between the aorta and SMA, resulting in venous hypertension." Reference: Zwiebel WJ, Pellerito JS. Introduction to Vascular Ultrasound. 6th ed. Elsevier, 2019. AIUM Practice Parameter for Abdominal Vascular Ultrasound, 2020. -