A .hyper file is an extract file that contains a snapshot of data from a data source. It is a compressed and optimized file format that can be used to improve the performance and portability of dashboards and workbooks. A .twb file is a workbook file that contains the visualization and connection information, but not the data itself. A .csv file is a comma-separated values file that contains plain text data. A .mdb file is a Microsoft Access database file that contains tables, queries, forms, and other objects. References:
https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en-us/save_savework_packagedworkbooks.htm
https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en-us/extracting_data.htm
https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en-us/examples_csv.htm
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/introduction-to-access-database-files-9f9a0f8c-9a3c-4a0b-8e6c-6d1f1
In Tableau, a .hyper file is an extract file created by the Hyper database engine.
It contains a snapshot of the data pulled into Tableau and is used to perform data analysis without the need for a live connection to the data source.