The question asks about the policies where Device-ID, a feature of Palo Alto Networks NGFWs, can be applied. Device-ID enables the firewall to identify and classify devices (e.g., IoT, endpoints) based on attributes like device type, OS, or behavior, enhancing policy enforcement. Let's evaluate its use across the specified policy types.
Step 1: Understand Device-ID
Device-ID leverages the IoT Security subscription and integrates with the Strata Firewall to provide device visibility and control. It uses data from sources like DHCP, HTTP headers, and machinelearning to identify devices and allows policies to reference device objects (e.g., "IP Camera," "Medical Device"). This feature is available on PA-Series firewalls running PAN-OS 10.0 or later with the appropriate license.