A. Simple concatenation of the text and image embeddings before feeding them into the decoder.

B. Applying element-wise addition of the text and image embeddings.

C. Using a cross-attention mechanism where the text embedding attends to the image features, and vice-versa, allowing the model to dynamically weight the importance of different parts of each modality.

D. Using a gating mechanism (e.g., a learned weight) to control the contribution of the text and image embeddings based on the input.

E. Performing a simple average of the text and image embeddings.