The Lightning Component framework provides:
Option A: Prebuilt components that can be reused
The framework includes a library of base components that developers can use to build custom components and applications.
These components can be reused and combined to create complex UIs.
Reference:
"The Lightning Component framework provides a set of prebuilt components that you can use to build your own components and applications."
- Lightning Components Developer Guide
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
Option B:
The Lightning Component framework is primarily for Lightning Experience and Salesforce mobile app, not for Classic UI.
Option C:
It does not provide extended governor limits; governor limits remain the same.
Option D:
While you can create custom components, the framework does not provide templates in the way described.