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SCENARIO Please use the following to answer the next question: Anna and Frank both work at Granchester University. Anna is a lawyer responsible for data protection, while Frank is a lecturer in the engineering department. The University maintains a number of types of records: Student records, including names, student numbers, home addresses, pre-university information, university attendance and performance records, details of special educational needs and financial information. Staff records, including autobiographical materials (such as curricula, professional contact files, student evaluations and other relevant teaching files). Alumni records, including birthplaces, years of birth, dates of matriculation and conferrals of degrees. These records are available to former students after registering through Granchester's Alumni portal. Department for Education records, showing how certain demographic groups (such as first-generation students) could be expected, on average, to progress. These records do not contain names or identification numbers. Under their security policy, the University encrypts all of its personal data records in transit and at rest. In order to improve his teaching, Frank wants to investigate how his engineering students perform in relational to Department for Education expectations. He has attended one of Anna's data protection training courses and knows that he should use no more personal data than necessary to accomplish his goal. He creates a program that will only export some student data: previous schools attended, grades originally obtained, grades currently obtained and first time university attended. He wants to keep the records at the individual student level. Mindful of Anna's training, Frank runs the student numbers through an algorithm to transform them into different reference numbers. He uses the same algorithm on each occasion so that he can update each record over time. One of Anna's tasks is to complete the record of processing activities, as required by the GDPR. After receiving her email reminder, as required by the GDPR. After receiving her email reminder, Frank informs Anna about his performance database. Ann explains to Frank that, as well as minimizing personal data, the University has to check that this new use of existing data is permissible. She also suspects that, under the GDPR, a risk analysis may have to be carried out before the data processing can take place. Anna arranges to discuss this further with Frank after she has done some additional research. Frank wants to be able to work on his analysis in his spare time, so he transfers it to his home laptop (which is not encrypted). Unfortunately, when Frank takes the laptop into the University he loses it on the train. Frank has to see Anna that day to discuss compatible processing. He knows that he needs to report security incidents, so he decides to tell Anna about his lost laptop at the same time. Anna will find that a risk analysis is NOT necessary in this situation as long as?
Correct Answer: A
A risk analysis is a process of identifying, assessing and mitigating the potential threats and vulnerabilities that may affect the personal data processing activities of an organization. A risk analysis is not a one-time activity, but a continuous and dynamic process that requires regular monitoring and updating. A risk analysis is also not a substitute for compliance with the GDPR, but a tool to help ensure compliance by identifying and addressing the legal obligations and best practices. According to the GDPR, an organization must conduct a data protection impact assessment (DPIA) before starting any new or significantly increased processing activity that may pose a high risk to the rights and freedoms of the data subjects. A DPIA is a systematic and documented process that aims to identify, evaluate and mitigate the risks associated with such processing activities. A DPIA must be carried out by or on behalf of the controller (the person or entity that determines the purposes and means of processing) or by another person acting on their behalf. In this scenario, Frank is conducting a DPIA for his new processing activity of analyzing his students' performance data in relation to Department for Education expectations. This processing activity poses a high risk to the rights and freedoms of his students, as it involves collecting, storing, using and transferring their personal data without their explicit consent or knowledge. Therefore, Frank must conduct a DPIA before starting this processing activity. However, there are some exceptions to this requirement. One of them is when the processing activity involves personal data that are no longer relevant for the original purpose for which they were collected or otherwise processed. In this case, Frank can use existing personal data without conducting a DPIA, as long as he ensures that they are adequate, relevant and limited to what is necessary for his new purpose. Therefore, in this situation, Anna will find that a risk analysis is NOT necessary in this situation as long as the data subjects are no longer current students of Frank's. This means that Frank can use his existing student records without conducting a DPIA, as long as he ensures that they are adequate, relevant and limited to what is necessary for his new purpose. Reference: Risks and data protection impact assessments (DPIAs) | ICO What Are GDPR Risk Assessments and Why Are They Important? GDPR Compliance Risk Assessment Best Practices | Accountable Why risk assessments are essential for GDPR compliance