Before implementing an electronic service (e-service), a federal government department is required to complete a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) in accordance with Treasury Board guidelines. A PIA is a process that helps federal institutions to evaluate how new or substantially modified programs or services could affect individual privacy and to address those effects appropriately. The guidelines provided by the Treasury Board specify how PIAs should be conducted to ensure that all privacy risks are identified and mitigated before the implementation of a new or modified e-service. This requirement is crucial for maintaining the privacy and security of personal information handled by government departments.