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During a security assessment of an e-commerce website, a penetration tester wants to exploit a vulnerability in the web server's input validation that will allow unauthorized transactions on behalf of the user. Which of the following techniques would most likely be used for that purpose?
Correct Answer: D
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a client-side attack where an attacker injects malicious scripts into a web page viewed by other users. When executed in a browser, it can steal session cookies, perform unauthorized transactions, or execute malicious actions on behalf of the victim. Option D (Cross-site scripting) is correct because XSS can manipulate client-side input validation to execute unauthorized transactions. Option A (Privilege escalation) is incorrect because it involves gaining higher privileges on a system, not attacking input validation in a web application. Option B (DOM injection) is incorrect because DOM-based attacks manipulate browser-side JavaScript but are not necessarily used for unauthorized transactions. Option C (Session hijacking) is incorrect because session hijacking requires capturing a valid user session, whereas XSS can steal session tokens for this purpose. Reference: CompTIA PenTest+ PT0-003 Official Guide - Chapter 6 (Web Application Attacks).