Role-based access is a security technique that assigns permissions and privileges to users or groups based on their roles or functions within an organization. Role-based access can help secure the physical networking equipment by limiting who can access, modify, or manage the devices in the shared IT closet. Only authorized personnel with a valid role and credentials should be able to access the networking equipment. Disabling unneeded switchports is a security technique that prevents unauthorized devices from connecting to the network by turning off unused ports on a switch. Changing the default passwords is a security technique that prevents unauthorized access to network devices by replacing the factory-set passwords with strong and unique ones. Configuring an access control list is a security technique that filters network traffic by allowing or denying packets based on criteria such as source and destination IP addresses, ports, or protocols.