Step 1: Definition of Risk Capacity
Risk Capacity refers to the maximum level of risk a bank can absorb while still maintaining orderly operations or, in extreme cases, conducting an orderly resolution.
PRMIA and Basel III define risk capacity as a bank's ability to absorb losses in a crisis without systemic consequences.
Step 2: Why Option D Is Correct
The ultimate test of a bank's risk capacity is whether it can survive an extreme shock without harming depositors or financial markets.
Regulators ensure that a bank can be wound up in an orderly manner so that only shareholders lose money, while depositors and creditors remain protected under resolution planning frameworks.
Step 3: Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
Option A ("Amount of risk the bank wishes to take")
Incorrect because this describes Risk Appetite, not Risk Capacity.
Option B ("Amount of risk the regulator sets for the bank")
Incorrect because regulators set capital requirements, but the bank's actual risk capacity is based on its own capital structure and business model.
Option C ("Ability to withstand an extreme event and make a profit")
Incorrect because risk capacity is about survival, not profit-making during extreme events.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
Basel III Risk Capacity Standards - Defines the ability to absorb losses during crises.
PRMIA Risk Governance Framework - Describes how banks should manage risk capacity through capital buffers.
Final Conclusion:
Banks must be able to withstand an extreme event and conduct an orderly wind-up if necessary, ensuring that only shareholders bear the loss, making Option D the correct answer.