Explanation:
1. An auditor using a copy of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 to check that its requirements are met:
Termed: Reviewing audit criteria.
Justification: The auditor is comparing the auditee's information security management system (ISMS) against the established criteria outlined in the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard. This activity falls under the use of audit criteria to determine conformity or nonconformity.
2. An auditor's note that the auditee is not adhering to its clear desk policy:
Termed: Identifying an audit finding.
Justification: The auditor has observed a deviation from the auditee's established policy on clear desks. This observation is documented as a potential nonconformity, which requires further investigation and evaluation.
3. An auditor making a decision regarding the auditee's conformity or otherwise to criteria:
Termed: Determining an audit conclusion.
Justification: Based on the collected audit evidence and evaluation against the established criteria, the auditor forms an opinion about the overall compliance of the auditee's ISMS. This opinion is the audit conclusion and is a key element of the audit report.
4. An auditor examining verifiable records relevant to the audit process:
Termed: Collecting audit evidence.
Justification: The auditor is gathering objective and verifiable information to support their findings and conclusions. This information comes from various sources, including documents, records, interviews, and observations.