Correct Answer: A
UnderArticle 35(3)(b) of GDPR, aDPIA is required for large-scale processing of sensitive data, including medical research on vulnerable individuals.
* Option A is correctbecausemedical data and research involving vulnerable individuals require a DPIA.
* Option B is incorrectbecauseencryption does not eliminate the need for a DPIA if the processing poses high risks.
* Option C is incorrectbecausea general risk assessment does not replace a DPIAunderArticle 35.
* Option D is incorrectbecauseretention period is not a deciding factor for DPIA necessity.
References:
* GDPR Article 35(3)(b)(DPIA for special category data)
* Recital 91(Risks to fundamental rights require DPIAs)