
Execution results and diagnostics: Azure Storage
Job launcher and tracker: Job Service
Job metadata and state: Control database
The Job database is used for defining jobs and tracking the status and history of job executions. The Job database is also used to store agent metadata, logs, results, job definitions, and also contains many useful stored procedures, and other database objects, for creating, running, and managing jobs using T-SQL.
References:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-database-job-automation-overview