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A project to replace your company's sales and merchandising system has begun. The old system is still in production but is poorly documented and expensive to maintain: changing it has often produced a large quantity of defects. The new version will be developed using modern techniques and technology. Requirements include: * Loading sales data, sent electronically from the stores each evening, into a central database where it is then available for other applications. * Producing sales reports for the merchandisers, whose job is to manage stock levels in stores. * Predictions of future demand for each product, based on a combination of sales history and forecasting parameters. Requirements 1 and 2 are satisfied by the existing system and will be rewritten with no significant changes. Requirement 3 is new: these forecasting reports will be run overnight, and users will request them by entering simple parameters online during the day. The sales data are loaded in an overnight batch run. There have been problems at peak periods when this run has taken longer than scheduled, so that dependent jobs could not finish before the start of the working day. As a Technical Test Analyst, you have been asked to contribute to the project's Master Test Plan. The concerns expressed by stakeholders during risk identification include the length of the batch job runs, ease of parameter entry for the users, unauthorized access to stored sales data, and limited time for testing. With these in mind, which TWO of the following quality characteristics sub-characteristics are likely to contain the highest levels of technical risk? A) Operability. B) Time behavior. C) Interoperability. D) Security. E) Testability.
Correct Answer: C
In this scenario, the project's stakeholders have expressed concerns about several risk factors related to the new sales and merchandising system. As a Technical Test Analyst, it's essential to identify the quality characteristics that contain the highest levels of technical risk. Stakeholder Concerns: * Length of the Batch Job Runs: * This directly impacts the time behavior of the system, which is a sub-characteristic of performance efficiency. * Ease of Parameter Entry for Users: * This impacts operability, a sub-characteristic of usability, but considering the given options, it's not the highest technical risk compared to others. * Unauthorized Access to Stored Sales Data: * This is a critical concern under security, which involves protecting the system from unauthorized access and ensuring data integrity and confidentiality. * Limited Time for Testing: * This relates to testability, which is the ease with which the system can be tested, but it's less critical compared to time behavior and security in this context. Quality Characteristics with Highest Technical Risk: * Time Behavior (Option B): * The efficiency of batch job runs is crucial since delays can impact other dependent jobs and overall system performance. Ensuring that batch jobs complete within the scheduled time is vital to maintain system reliability and performance efficiency. * Security (Option D): * Unauthorized access to sales data is a significant risk. Ensuring robust security measures to protect sensitive data is essential to prevent data breaches and maintain data integrity. Explanation of Incorrect Options: * A. Operability: While ease of use is important, it's not the highest technical risk compared to performance and security. * C. Interoperability: This relates to how well the system interacts with other systems, which is not a primary concern based on the given stakeholder issues. * E. Testability: Although important, the limited testing time is less critical compared to the risks associated with system performance and data security. References: The ISTQB CTAL-TTA syllabus discusses quality characteristics and their sub-characteristics, emphasizing the importance of understanding different types of risks in software testing. In this case, performance efficiency (time behavior) and security are the most critical aspects given the stakeholder concerns. Sources: * ISTQB-CTAL-TTA Syllabus * General knowledge on quality characteristics in software testing.