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No.# C. Assess whether the vulnerability is within the organization's risk tolerance levels.

When a high-rated vulnerability is discovered just before go-live, the first step should be a risk-based decision—specifically, to:

Assess the risk in terms of impact and likelihood
Determine whether it falls within the organization's risk tolerance
Consider compensating controls, urgency of go-live, and contractual obligations

Only after this assessment can a decision be made to proceed, delay, or seek mitigation strategies.

No.# D. Organizational standards are enforced by technical controls.

While policies, procedures, and training are important, the strongest assurance that security policies are actually applied and followed across business operations comes from technical enforcement. When standards are enforced through technical controls, compliance becomes:

Automatic and consistent (e.g., password policies enforced by systems)
Measurable and auditable
Resistant to human error or intentional non-compliance

This approach ensures real-world application of policies, not just theoretical or expected behavior.

No.# C. Assign a risk owner to each risk

If security risks are not being treated in a timely manner, the most effective corrective action is to assign ownership. A risk owner is accountable for:

Managing and treating the risk appropriately
Making decisions about mitigation, transfer, acceptance, or avoidance
Ensuring timely action is taken

Without clear ownership, risks can be ignored or delayed due to lack of accountability.

No.# B. Risk management is built into operational and strategic activities.


An effective information security governance framework must be integrated into the core functions of the organization. When risk management is embedded in both strategic and operational activities, it ensures that:

Security is proactively considered in decision-making processes
Risk responses are aligned with business objectives
Security becomes a business enabler, not just a compliance function

This integration enhances the effectiveness and sustainability of the governance framework across all levels of the organization.

No.# D. Invoke the organization's incident response plan.

Before preparing or sharing any communication, the first step an information security manager should take during a security incident is to invoke the incident response plan (IRP).

The IRP:

Provides a structured approach to handling the incident

Includes roles and responsibilities for communication

Ensures that all actions are coordinated, legally sound, and aligned with company policy

Helps prevent premature or inappropriate disclosure

Communication strategies—including what to say, when, and to whom—are typically defined within the incident response plan, or in a supporting crisis communication plan.

No.# Cism answer

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No.# Proactive risk management is facilitated.

No.# C. Compromise of critical assets via third-party resources

No.# B. Incident management policy

No.# B. To alert on unacceptable risk

No.# C. Introducing security requirements during the initiation phase

No.# Integrating security throughout the development process

No.# C. Responsibilities defined within role descriptions

No.# Threat intelligence

No.# C. contract clauses comply with the organization's information security policy.

No.# A is the answer

No.# C. Security risk assessment

No.# security manager after assessing the risk of a serious vulnerability in a cloud application is:

D. Initiate the organization's incident response process.

No.# Given the situation, the BEST way to proceed would be:

C. Assess whether the vulnerability is within the organization's risk tolerance levels.

Here's the rationale: