The cash ratio is a strict liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay its current liabilities using only its most liquid assets: cash and cash equivalents. The formula is Cash and Cash Equivalents divided by Current Liabilities. This makes answer A correct. Unlike the current ratio, which includes all current assets, or the quick ratio, which includes cash, marketable securities, and receivables, the cash ratio focuses only on immediately available funds. Because it excludes inventory and accounts receivable, it is the most conservative measure of short-term liquidity. Financial analysts use the cash ratio to evaluate whether a firm could meet near-term obligations even under stressful conditions where receivables are not collected quickly and inventory cannot be sold promptly. A very low cash ratio may indicate liquidity risk, while an extremely high cash ratio may suggest inefficient use of idle funds. Choice B is incorrect because total liabilities include long-term obligations. Choice C defines the current ratio, not the cash ratio. Choice D is not a meaningful ratio formula. Therefore, A correctly states the formula used to calculate the cash ratio in financial statement analysis and working capital management.