Analytics is classified as descriptive, predictive, or prescriptive based onthe purpose of the analysis and the methods used to carry it out, which is a foundational concept in data-driven decision making. The distinction reflects the type of managerial question being addressed rather than technical aspects such as software tools, sample size, or data reliability.
Descriptive analytics focuses on understandingwhat has happenedby summarizing historical data. It relies on descriptive statistics, reports, dashboards, and data visualizations to provide insights into past performance.
Predictive analytics extends this approach to determinewhat is likely to happenby using statistical models, probability distributions, regression analysis, and forecasting techniques to estimate future outcomes.
Prescriptive analytics goes further by identifyingwhat should be doneto achieve desired results. It uses optimization models, decision trees, simulations, and scenario analysis to recommend the best course of action under given constraints.
In data-driven decision making, the classification of analytics depends on how results are intended to support decisions and the analytical techniques applied to achieve that goal. Factors such as data quality and software influence accuracy and efficiency but do not define the analytics category itself. Therefore, the correct classification criterion is thepurpose and methods, making optionCthe correct answer.