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You have a Snowflake table 'raw_data' with columns 'id', 'timestamp', and 'payload'. A stream is defined on this table. A data pipeline reads changes from the stream and applies transformations before loading the data into a target table. However, the pipeline needs to handle cases where updates to the same 'id' occur multiple times within a short period, and only the latest version of the 'payload' should be processed. How can you achieve this idempotent processing of stream data to ensure only the latest payload is applied to the target table, avoiding duplicates and inconsistencies, using Snowflake streams?
Correct Answer: C
The best solution for idempotent processing is option C, using a MERGE statement with a staging table and timestamp-based logic. This allows you to load all changes into a staging area, then merge only the latest version (based on 'timestamp' ) into the target table, effectively overwriting older versions. Option A, using a regular task and MERGE, can work, but it doesn't inherently address idempotency without the staging table and timestamp logic. Option B, using a materialized view, can work but does not capture all changes from the original table. Option D can work, but it doesnt scale well. Option E is incorrect; streams do not support unique key constraints to prevent capturing duplicate updates.