The action that updates the costing-based profitability analysis in SAP is Save the billing document (B). When a billing document is saved, it records revenues, discounts, surcharges, and taxes related to the sale of goods or services. This data is crucial for profitability analysis (CO-PA), allowing the organization to evaluate profitability by various market segments such as products, customers, and sales areas.
Post goods issue (A) affects inventory and cost of goods sold but does not directly update costing-based profitability analysis.
Post the customer's payment (C) is a financial transaction that affects accounts receivable and cash management but does not directly impact profitability analysis.
Create the outbound delivery (D) is part of the logistics process and does not directly update costing-based profitability analysis.