VM-Series firewalls can provide application-level security for a web-server instance on Amazon Web Services (AWS). VM-Series firewalls are virtualized versions of the Palo Alto Networks next-generation firewall that can be deployed on various cloud platforms, including AWS. VM-Series firewalls can protect web servers from cyberattacks by applying granular security policies based on application, user, content, and threat information. Hardware firewalls, Terraform templates, and security groups are not solutions that can provide application-level security for a web-server instance on AWS, but they are related concepts that can be used in conjunction with VM-Series firewalls. Reference: Palo Alto Networks Certified Software Firewall Engineer (PCSFE), [VM-Series on AWS], [VM-Series Datasheet], [Terraform for VM-Series on AWS], [Security Groups for Your VPC]