When deploying User-ID in environments with diverse directory services, Palo Alto Networks firewalls have the capability to monitor several types of servers to gather user mapping information. Among the options provided:
C: Red Hat Linux, Microsoft Active Directory, and Microsoft Exchange:
* Red Hat Linux: Palo Alto Networks User-ID can monitor Linux systems to gather user information, typically by integrating with services like syslog or by using an agent that reads user login events.
* Microsoft Active Directory: This is one of the most common sources for User-ID, as Active Directory is widely used for user management and authentication. User-ID can directly integrate with Active Directory to read security event logs, capturing user login and logout events.
* Microsoft Exchange: While not directly monitored for user login events, Microsoft Exchange can be a source of IP-to-user mapping information, especially for users accessing email services. This can be achieved by parsing Exchange logs for client access information.
These platforms can provide valuable data for User-ID, enabling the firewall to apply policies based on user identity across diverse network environments.