These four scenarios are examples of a lack of competence, which is defined as the ability to apply the knowledge and skills needed to perform a work role or a task effectively and efficiently12. Competence in ISO
27001:2022 is determined by the organisation's needs and expectations, and it is based on the relevant education, training, or experience of the people involved in the ISMS34. The organisation is required to ensure that all the people who affect the performance of the ISMS are competent, and to provide them with the necessary training and awareness to fulfil their roles and responsibilities35. The four scenarios indicate that the people involved either lack the knowledge or skills to perform their tasks, or have not received the appropriate training or guidance to do so. The other scenarios are not related to competence, but to other factors such as negligence, error, or policy violation.
References: = 1: ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 3.72: ISO/IEC
27007:2011 Information technology - Security techniques - Guidelines for information security management systems auditing, clause 53: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques
- Information security management systems - Requirements, clause 7.24: ISO 27001 Requirement 7.2 - Competence | ISMS.online15: ISO27001 Clause 7.2 Competence - Ultimate Certification Guide - High Table3