Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:DHCPDISCOVER is the initial broadcast a client sends to find a DHCP server:
* Packet Details:
* Source IP:0.0.0.0 (client has no IP yet).
* Destination IP:255.255.255.255 (limited broadcast, all devices on the local network).
* Sent via UDP (port 67 server, 68 client).
* Why 255.255.255.255:The client doesn't know the server's IP and broadcasts to all local devices.
Relays may forward it, but the initial packet targets the universal broadcast address.
* Options:
* A:0.0.0.0 is the source, not destination. Incorrect.
* B:224.0.0.52 is a multicast address, not used in DHCPDISCOVER. Incorrect.
* C:Matches DHCP broadcast standard (RFC 2131). Correct.
* D:Subnet-specific broadcast (e.g., 192.168.1.255) applies post-relay, not the initial packet.
Incorrect.
* Practical Example:In an INE lab, you'd capture a DHCPDISCOVER with Wireshark, confirm
255.255.255.255, and troubleshoot relay issues.References:RFC 2131 - DHCP; Infoblox NIOS Administrator Guide - DHCP Basics; INE Course Content: NIOS DDI DHCP Troubleshooting.