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Consider a TAS aimed at implementing and running automated test scripts at the UI level on web apps. The TAS must support cross-browser compatibility for a variety of supported browsers, by ensuring that the same test script will run on such browsers in the same way without making any changes to it. This is achieved by introducing appropriate abstractions into the TAA for connection and interaction with different browsers. Because of this, the TAS will be able to make direct calls to the supported browsers using each different browser's native support for automation. Which of the following SOLID principles was adopted?
Correct Answer: A
The scenario describes introducing abstractions so that test scripts do not depend directly on concrete browser- specific automation implementations. Instead, tests depend on an abstraction (e.g., a "BrowserDriver" interface), while each concrete browser implementation (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, etc.) provides its own adapter using native automation support. This is a classic application of the Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP): high-level modules (test scripts and business-level actions) should not depend on low-level modules (specific browser drivers); both should depend on abstractions. Additionally, details (browser-specific integrations) depend on the abstraction, not the reverse. TAE emphasizes that this reduces coupling and improves maintainability: you can add or update browser implementations with minimal impact on test definitions. While Open-Closed is also supported (extending with new browser adapters without modifying existing tests), the key phrase "introducing appropriate abstractions" specifically to decouple tests from concrete drivers is DIP. Liskov Substitution relates to substituting implementations without breaking correctness, and Interface Segregation concerns keeping interfaces small and specific-neither is as directly targeted by the described architectural decoupling. Therefore, the SOLID principle most clearly adopted is Dependency Inversion.
