The question asks which characteristic is least likely to cause safety-related issues for an AI system. Let's evaluate each option:
* Non-determinism (A): Non-deterministic systems can produce different outcomes even with the same inputs, which can lead to unpredictable behavior and potential safety issues.
* Robustness (B): Robustness refers to the ability of the system to handle errors, anomalies, and unexpected inputs gracefully. A robust system is less likely to cause safety issues because it can maintain functionality under varied conditions.
* High complexity (C): High complexity in AI systems can lead to difficulties in understanding, predicting, and managing the system's behavior, which can cause safety-related issues.
* Self-learning (D): Self-learning systems adapt based on new data, which can lead to unexpected changes in behavior. If not properly monitored and controlled, this can result in safety issues.
References:
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus Section 2.8 on Safety and AI discusses various factors affecting the safety of AI systems, emphasizing the importance of robustness in maintaining safe operation.