CISA Exam Dumps | To ensure message integrity, confidentiality and non-repudiation between two parties, the MOST effective

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Question 305/770

To ensure message integrity, confidentiality and non-repudiation between two parties, the MOST effective method would be to create a message digest by applying a cryptographic hashing algorithm against:

A. the entire message, enciphering the message digest using the sender's private key, enciphering the message with a symmetric key and enciphering the key by using the receiver's public key.

B. any part of the message, enciphering the message digest using the sender's private key, enciphering the message with a symmetric key and enciphering the key using the receiver's public key.

C. the entire message, enciphering the message digest using the sender's private key, enciphering the message with a symmetric key and enciphering both the encrypted message and digest using the receiver's public key.

D. the entire message, enciphering the message digest using the sender's private key and enciphering the message using the receiver's public key.

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Question 94: Which of the following is a dynamic analysis tool for the pu...; Question 95: Which of the following is an example of a passive attack ini...; Question 96: Sign-on procedures include the creation of a unique user ID ...; Question 97: Which of the following layer of an OSI model responsible for...; Question 98: The GREATEST advantage of rapid application development (RAD...; Question 99: The vice president of human resources has requested an audit...; Question 100: Which of the following layer of an OSI model controls dialog...; Question 101: Which of the following translates e-mail formats from one ne...; Question 102: An IS auditor reviewing database controls discovered that ch...; Question 103: Which of the following controls will MOST effectively detect...; Question 104: A company undertakes a business process reengineering (BPR) ...; Question 105: Processing controls ensure that data is accurate and complet...; Question 106: An IS auditor recommends that an initial validation control ...; 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Question 398: The MOST significant level of effort for business continuity...; Question 399: Off-site data backup and storage should be geographically se...; Question 400: Which policy helps an auditor to gain a better understanding...; Question 401: A PRIMARY benefit derived from an organization employing con...; Question 402: During what process should router access control lists be re...; Question 403: In which of the following WAN message transmission technique...; Question 404: Which of the following exposures associated with the spoolin...; Question 405: With the objective of mitigating the risk and impact of a ma...; Question 406: In transport mode, the use of the Encapsulating Security Pay...; Question 407: An IS auditor performing an independent classification of sy...; Question 408: In which of the following transmission media it is MOST diff...; Question 409: When reviewing input controls, an IS auditor observes that, ...; Question 410: Which of the following type of a computer network are variat...; Question 411: Which of the following is a control over component communica...; Question 412: An IS auditor is assigned to perform a post implementation r...; Question 413: The objective of concurrency control in a database system is...; Question 414: Normally, it would be essential to involve which of the foll...; Question 415: Which of the following is a prevalent risk in the developmen...; Question 416: An existing system is being extensively enhanced by extracti...; Question 417: When reviewing an intrusion detection system (IDS), an IS au...; Question 418: Which of the following antispam filtering techniques would B...; Question 419: The feature of a digital signature that ensures the sender c...; Question 420: Which of the following applet intrusion issues poses the GRE...; Question 421: Following best practices, formal plans for implementation of...; Question 422: Of the three major types of off-site processing facilities, ...; Question 423: The MAIN criterion for determining the severity level of a s...; Question 424: At the end of the testing phase of software development, an ...; Question 425: Which of the following term related to network performance r...; Question 426: What is a data validation edit control that matches input da...; Question 427: Rather than simply reviewing the adequacy of access control,...; Question 428: The database administrator (DBA) suggests that DB efficiency...; Question 429: Which of the following would be the BEST access control proc...; Question 430: Which of the following is an implementation risk within the ...; Question 431: An IS auditor is evaluating a corporate network for a possib...; Question 432: There are many firewall implementations provided by firewall...; Question 433: What type of approach to the development of organizational p...; Question 434: When reviewing an organization's logical access security, wh...; Question 435: What kind of testing should programmers perform following an...; Question 436: The purpose of code signing is to provide assurance that:...; Question 437: Which key is used by the sender of a message to create a dig...; Question 438: A review of wide area network (WAN) usage discovers that tra...; Question 439: An installed Ethernet cable run in an unshielded twisted pai...; Question 440: What is the primary objective of a control self-assessment (...; Question 441: Allowing application programmers to directly patch or change...; Question 442: When are benchmarking partners identified within the benchma...; Question 443: The use of object-oriented design and development techniques...; Question 444: Which of the following provides the MOST relevant informatio...; Question 445: A company has decided to implement an electronic signature s...; Question 446: An IS auditor analyzing the audit log of a database manageme...; Question 447: The MAIN purpose of a transaction audit trail is to:...; Question 448: In a small organization, developers may release emergency ch...; Question 449: Identify the correct sequence of Business Process Reengineer...; Question 450: Proper segregation of duties prevents a computer operator (u...; Question 451: Business process re-engineering often results in ___________...; Question 452: An organization has an integrated development environment (I...; Question 453: If a database is restored from information backed up before ...; Question 454: An IS auditor should be MOST concerned with what aspect of a...; Question 455: During a postimplementation review of an enterprise resource...; Question 456: What are used as the framework for developing logical access...; Question 457: Which of the following protocol does NOT work at Network int...; Question 458: Which of the following attack is against computer network an...; Question 459: When should systems administrators first assess the impact o...; Question 460: Whenever an application is modified, what should be tested t...; Question 461: An IS auditor reviewing the key roles and responsibilities o...; Question 462: There are many types of audit logs analysis tools available ...; Question 463: Which of the following method should be recommended by secur...; Question 464: A firewall is being deployed at a new location. Which of the...; Question 465: In an audit of an inventory application, which approach woul...; Question 466: Which of the following is a type of computer network used fo...; Question 467: Which of the following type of network service is used by ne...; Question 468: When performing a computer forensic investigation, in regard...; Question 469: During the requirements definition phase of a software devel...; Question 470: Which of the following is an effective method for controllin...; Question 471: In computer forensic which of the following describe the pro...; Question 472: If an IS auditor finds evidence of risk involved in not impl...; Question 473: An IS auditor reviewing an organization's data file control ...; Question 474: During the requirements definition phase for a database appl...; Question 475: A company has recently upgraded its purchase system to incor...; Question 476: Which of the following attacks targets the Secure Sockets La...; Question 477: Which of the following protocols would be involved in the im...; Question 478: Functionality is a characteristic associated with evaluating...; Question 479: Which of the following attack is MOSTLY performed by an atta...; Question 480: Identify the network topology from below diagram presented b...; Question 481: What is an acceptable mechanism for extremely time-sensitive...; Question 482: Which of the following technique is NOT used by a preacher a...; Question 483: What is essential for the IS auditor to obtain a clear under...; Question 484: During a human resources (HR) audit, an IS auditor is inform...; Question 485: Which of the following would provide the highest degree of s...; Question 486: A company uses a bank to process its weekly payroll. Time sh...; Question 487: Which of the following tests is an IS auditor performing whe...; Question 488: To address a maintenance problem, a vendor needs remote acce...; Question 489: Which of the following is protocol data unit (PDU) of transp...; Question 490: Which of the following attack is also known as Time of Check...; Question 491: To determine who has been given permission to use a particul...; Question 492: During an IS audit, one of your auditor has observed that so...; Question 493: When performing an audit of access rights, an IS auditor sho...; Question 494: An IS auditor is reviewing a project that is using an Agile ...; Question 495: Why does an IS auditor review an organization chart?...; Question 496: Which of the following cryptography demands less computation...; Question 497: The extent to which data will be collected during an IS audi...; Question 498: An IS auditor conducting an access control review in a clien...; Question 499: Identify the correct sequence which needs to be followed as ...; Question 500: Which of the following manages the digital certificate life ...; Question 501: Function Point Analysis (FPA) provides an estimate of the si...; Question 502: During Involuntary termination of an employee, which of the ...; Question 503: After discovering a security vulnerability in a third-party ...; Question 504: Most access violations are:; Question 505: What are used as a countermeasure for potential database cor...; Question 506: Who is ultimately responsible and accountable for reviewing ...; Question 507: Which of the following ensures a sender's authenticity and a...; Question 508: Which of the following components is responsible for the col...; Question 509: The most likely error to occur when implementing a firewall ...; Question 510: Which of the following would be the MOST cost-effective reco...; Question 511: When participating in a systems-development project, an IS a...; Question 512: To protect a VoIP infrastructure against a denial-of-service...; Question 513: What is the first step in a business process re-engineering ...; Question 514: ________ (fill in the blank) is/are ultimately accountable f...; Question 515: While reviewing the IT infrastructure, an IS auditor notices...; Question 516: The BEST method of proving the accuracy of a system tax calc...; Question 517: When reviewing print systems spooling, an IS auditor is MOST...; Question 518: An integrated test facility is not considered a useful audit...; Question 519: What are often the primary safeguards for systems software a...; Question 520: Which of the following layer of an OSI model transmits and r...; Question 521: Receiving an EDI transaction and passing it through the comm...; Question 522: Which of the following type of network service maps Domain N...; Question 523: Which of the following is the BEST type of program for an or...; Question 524: Why is the WAP gateway a component warranting critical conce...; Question 525: How do modems (modulation/demodulation) function to facilita...; Question 526: Which of the following functions should be performed by the ...; Question 527: An off-site processing facility should be easily identifiabl...; Question 528: Digital signatures require the sender to "sign" the data by ...; Question 529: Which of the following should be of MOST concern to an IS au...; Question 530: Over the long term, which of the following has the greatest ...; Question 531: Which of the following is BEST characterized by unauthorized...; Question 532: The knowledge base of an expert system that uses questionnai...; Question 533: Which of the following is the BEST audit procedure to determ...; Question 534: Which of the following type of honey pot essentially gives a...; Question 535: Which of the following type of lock uses a numeric keypad or...; Question 536: Which of the following could lead to an unintentional loss o...; Question 537: An IS auditor evaluates the test results of a modification t...; Question 538: The MAJOR advantage of the risk assessment approach over the...; Question 539: Which of the following statement correctly describes differe...; Question 540: Which of the following is an advantage of asymmetric crypto ...; Question 541: An IS auditor is performing an audit of a remotely managed s...; Question 542: Which of the following biometrics methods provides the HIGHE...; Question 543: An IS auditor is using a statistical sample to inventory the...; Question 544: Which of the following would an IS auditor consider to be th...; Question 545: An IS auditor evaluating logical access controls should FIRS...; Question 546: Identify the LAN topology from below diagram presented below...; Question 547: An IS auditor is told by IS management that the organization...; Question 548: Java applets and ActiveX controls are distributed executable...; Question 549: Proper segregation of duties prohibits a system analyst from...; Question 550: Library control software restricts source code to:...; Question 551: Which of the following type of computer has highest processi...; Question 552: What determines the strength of a secret key within a symmet...; Question 553: Which of the following would be the MOST secure firewall sys...; Question 554: Which of the following is NOT a true statement about public ...; Question 555: IS auditors are MOST likely to perform compliance tests of i...; Question 556: Which of the following BEST ensures the integrity of a serve...; Question 557: Which of the following attack involves slicing small amount ...; Question 558: Which of the following is the PRIMARY purpose for conducting...; Question 559: What is an effective control for granting temporary access t...; Question 560: Which of the following is best suited for searching for addr...; Question 561: Which of the following statement INCORRECTLY describes devic...; Question 562: As an IS auditor it is very important to understand software...; Question 563: Which of the following is the MOST critical and contributes ...; Question 564: A sequence of bits appended to a digital document that is us...; Question 565: Whenever business processes have been re-engineered, the IS ...; Question 566: A benefit of quality of service (QoS) is that the:...; Question 567: IS management recently replaced its existing wired local are...; Question 568: Which of the following hardware devices relieves the central...; Question 569: Which of the following statement is NOT true about smoke det...; Question 570: The reason a certification and accreditation process is perf...; Question 571: When performing a database review, an IS auditor notices tha...; Question 572: COBIT 5 separates information goals into three sub-dimension...; Question 573: John has been hired to fill a new position in one of the wel...; Question 574: What can ISPs use to implement inbound traffic filtering as ...; Question 575: For which of the following applications would rapid recovery...; Question 576: Neural networks are effective in detecting fraud because the...; Question 577: The BEST filter rule for protecting a network from being use...; Question 578: An IS auditor should review the configuration of which of th...; Question 579: For locations 3a, 1d and 3d, the diagram indicates hubs with...; Question 580: In the course of performing a risk analysis, an IS auditor h...; Question 581: Which of the following is a benefit of a risk-based approach...; Question 582: Which of the following forms of evidence for the auditor wou...; Question 583: In an IS audit of several critical servers, the IS auditor w...; Question 584: An organization is using symmetric encryption. Which of the ...; Question 585: A call-back system requires that a user with an id and passw...; Question 586: Which of the following statement INCORRECTLY describes Async...; Question 587: Which of the following statement INCORRECTLY describes circu...; Question 588: An IS auditor is reviewing access to an application to deter...; Question 589: A company has implemented a new client-server enterprise res...; Question 590: Which of the following provides the BEST single-factor authe...; Question 591: An IS auditor's PRIMARY concern when application developers ...; Question 592: During a logical access controls review, an IS auditor obser...; Question 593: Which of the following is an environmental issue caused by e...; Question 594: The GREATEST advantage of using web services for the exchang...; Question 595: How is risk affected if users have direct access to a databa...; Question 596: In large corporate networks having supply partners across th...; Question 597: During an IS audit, auditor has observed that authentication...; Question 598: Which of the following is a feature of Wi-Fi Protected Acces...; Question 599: An IS auditor who has discovered unauthorized transactions d...; Question 600: During a security audit of IT processes, an IS auditor found...; Question 601: Which of the following type of an IDS resides on important s...; Question 602: Which of the following are effective in detecting fraud beca...; Question 603: Which of the following term related to network performance r...; Question 604: What is used to develop strategically important systems fast...; Question 605: During the planning stage of an IS audit, the PRIMARY goal o...; Question 606: Which of the following is widely accepted as one of the crit...; Question 607: An advantage in using a bottom-up vs. a top-down approach to...; Question 608: Which of the following would be the BEST method for ensuring...; Question 609: Change management procedures are established by IS managemen...; Question 610: What is the recommended initial step for an IS auditor to im...; Question 611: Which of the following transmission media uses a transponder...; Question 612: Which of the following is the MOST effective method for deal...; Question 613: An information security policy stating that 'the display of ...; Question 614: During which of the following phases in system development w...; Question 615: An IS auditor observes a weakness in the tape management sys...; Question 616: Which of the following is an object-oriented technology char...; Question 617: What process is used to validate a subject's identity?...; Question 618: What can be very helpful to an IS auditor when determining t...; Question 619: Of the three major types of off-site processing facilities, ...; Question 620: What supports data transmission through split cable faciliti...; Question 621: The PRIMARY objective of performing a postincident review is...; Question 622: Database snapshots can provide an excellent audit trail for ...; Question 623: A TCP/IP-based environment is exposed to the Internet. Which...; Question 624: In which of the following WAN message transmission technique...; Question 625: Establishing data ownership is an important first step for w...; Question 626: Which of the following is a guiding best practice for implem...; Question 627: Which of the following types of testing would determine whet...; Question 628: Which of the following statement correctly describes one way...; Question 629: Which of the following is the INCORRECT "layer - protocol" m...; Question 630: When evaluating the collective effect of preventive, detecti...; Question 631: Test and development environments should be separated. True ...; Question 632: A proposed transaction processing application will have many...; Question 633: Which of the following term in business continuity determine...; Question 634: An audit charter should:; Question 635: What is the MOST effective method of preventing unauthorized...; Question 636: Which of the following is the unique identifier within and I...; Question 637: What is a callback system?; Question 638: Identify the correct sequence of Business Process Reengineer...; Question 639: Which of the following is an advantage of the top-down appro...; Question 640: An advantage of using sanitized live transactions in test da...; Question 641: Which of the following device in Frame Relay WAN technique i...; Question 642: Which of the following online auditing techniques is most ef...; Question 643: What is used as a control to detect loss, corruption, or dup...; Question 644: Which of the following best characterizes "worms"?...; Question 645: Which of the following is the PRIMARY safeguard for securing...; Question 646: What often results in project scope creep when functional re...; Question 647: An IS auditor should recommend the use of library control so...; Question 648: An organization has outsourced its help desk. Which of the f...; Question 649: As described at security policy, the CSO implemented an e-ma...; Question 650: What topology provides the greatest redundancy of routes and...; Question 651: During the system testing phase of an application developmen...; Question 652: When should an application-level edit check to verify that a...; Question 653: When reviewing the configuration of network devices, an IS a...; Question 654: To verify that the correct version of a data file was used f...; Question 655: Which of the following functionality is NOT supported by SSL...; Question 656: What must an IS auditor understand before performing an appl...; Question 657: A decision support system (DSS):...; Question 658: Which of the following cryptography is based on practical ap...; Question 659: A LAN administrator normally would be restricted from:...; Question 660: Disabling which of the following would make wireless local a...; Question 661: Which of the following is a benefit of using callback device...; Question 662: The BEST way to minimize the risk of communication failures ...; Question 663: A hardware control that helps to detect errors when data are...; Question 664: Which of the following is an advantage of an integrated test...; Question 665: Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of Single Sign ...; Question 666: What is often assured through table link verification and re...; Question 667: If a programmer has update access to a live system, IS audit...; Question 668: As an auditor it is very important to ensure confidentiality...; Question 669: While planning an audit, an assessment of risk should be mad...; Question 670: Which of the following is of greatest concern to the IS audi...; Question 671: There are many known weaknesses within an Intrusion Detectio...; Question 672: Which of the following can degrade network performance?...; Question 673: Which of the following attacks could capture network user pa...; Question 674: After identifying potential security vulnerabilities, what s...; Question 675: Which of the following is the most fundamental step in preve...; Question 676: Which of the following comparisons are used for identificati...; Question 677: Assuming this diagram represents an internal facility and th...; Question 678: What is an initial step in creating a proper firewall policy...; Question 679: Active radio frequency ID (RFID) tags are subject to which o...; Question 680: Which of the following malware technical fool's malware by a...; Question 681: When reviewing procedures for emergency changes to programs,...; Question 682: Which of the following process consist of identification and...; Question 683: Which of the following would be considered an essential feat...; Question 684: Which of the following is a passive attack method used by in...; Question 685: Which of the following processes are performed during the de...; Question 686: Which of the following exposures could be caused by a line g...; Question 687: During the review of a web-based software development projec...; Question 688: If an IS auditor observes that an IS department fails to use...; Question 689: What is the primary security concern for EDI environments?...; Question 690: Which of the following type of computer is a large, general ...; Question 691: In planning an audit, the MOST critical step is the identifi...; Question 692: When auditing a proxy-based firewall, an IS auditor should:...; Question 693: A virtual private network (VPN) provides data confidentialit...; Question 694: The application systems of an organization using open-source...; Question 695: Which of the following type of a computer network covers a b...; Question 696: Which of the following would provide the BEST protection aga...; Question 697: Which of the following ensures confidentiality of informatio...; Question 698: When reviewing the implementation of a LAN, an IS auditor sh...; Question 699: In which of the following database models is the data repres...; Question 700: During the testing of the business continuity plan (BCP), wh...; Question 701: A substantive test to verify that tape library inventory rec...; Question 702: Authentication techniques for sending and receiving data bet...; Question 703: Identify the network topology from below diagram presented b...; Question 704: Which of the following would be an indicator of the effectiv...; Question 705: Which of the following is penetration test where the penetra...; Question 706: Which of the following system and data conversion strategies...; Question 707: Which of the following would prevent accountability for an a...; Question 708: The quality of the metadata produced from a data warehouse i...; Question 709: Who is ultimately responsible for providing requirement spec...; Question 710: Which are the two primary types of scanner used for protecti...; Question 711: Functional acknowledgements are used:...; Question 712: Which of the following should be a concern to an IS auditor ...; Question 713: What type of cryptosystem is characterized by data being enc...; Question 714: An IS auditor reviews an organizational chart PRIMARILY for:...; Question 715: Which of the following reports should an IS auditor use to c...; Question 716: To affix a digital signature to a message, the sender must f...; Question 717: Any changes in systems assets, such as replacement of hardwa...; Question 718: What does PKI use to provide some of the strongest overall c...; Question 719: Which of the following user profiles should be of MOST conce...; Question 720: Which of the following is the MOST critical step in planning...; Question 721: In what way is a common gateway interface (CGI) MOST often u...; Question 722: Which of the following statements pertaining to IPSec is inc...; Question 723: The use of statistical sampling procedures helps minimize:...; Question 724: During maintenance of a relational database, several values ...; Question 725: What kind of protocols does the OSI Transport Layer of the T...; Question 726: An IS auditor performing a review of an application's contro...; Question 727: Which of the following systems-based approaches would a fina...; Question 728: Which of the following can help detect transmission errors b...; Question 729: What should IS auditors always check when auditing password ...; Question 730: Which of the following will help detect changes made by an i...; Question 731: What is a reliable technique for estimating the scope and co...; Question 732: An organization is implementing a new system to replace a le...; Question 733: Which of the following INCORRECTLY describes the layer funct...; Question 734: Company.com has contracted with an external consulting firm ...; Question 735: Which of the following network components is PRIMARILY set u...; Question 736: Which of the following devices extends the network and has t...; Question 737: A database administrator is responsible for:...; Question 738: Which of the following PBX feature provides the possibility ...; Question 739: The phases and deliverables of a system development life cyc...; Question 740: Which of the following types of firewalls would BEST protect...; Question 741: What uses questionnaires to lead the user through a series o...; Question 742: While evaluating logical access control the IS auditor shoul...; Question 743: Which of the following satisfies a two-factor user authentic...; Question 744: What is a primary high-level goal for an auditor who is revi...; Question 745: What are intrusion-detection systems (IDS) primarily used fo...; Question 746: A web server is attacked and compromised. Which of the follo...; Question 747: Diskless workstation is an example of:...; Question 748: In a public key infrastructure (PKI), which of the following...; Question 749: An IS auditor notes that patches for the operating system us...; Question 750: What type(s) of firewalls provide(s) the greatest degree of ...; Question 751: An organization provides information to its supply chain par...; Question 752: Which of the following type of IDS has self-learning functio...; Question 753: A malicious code that changes itself with each file it infec...; Question 754: During the development of an application, the quality assura...; Question 755: Atomicity enforces data integrity by ensuring that a transac...; Question 756: The computer security incident response team (CSIRT) of an o...; Question 757: Which of the following is an advantage of prototyping?...; Question 758: Digital signatures require the:...; Question 759: Which of the following term in business continuity determine...; Question 760: To prevent IP spoofing attacks, a firewall should be configu...; Question 761: Which of the following attack includes social engineering, l...; Question 762: An IS auditor reviewing a database application discovers tha...; Question 763: Which of the following term related to network performance r...; Question 764: Although BCP and DRP are often implemented and tested by mid...; Question 765: Which of the following typically focuses on making alternati...; Question 766: When installing an intrusion detection system (IDS), which o...; Question 767: What is an effective countermeasure for the vulnerability of...; Question 768: Failure in which of the following testing stages would have ...; Question 769: An IS auditor is reviewing the remote access methods of a co...; Question 770: How is the risk of improper file access affected upon implem...

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