ISA-IEC-62443 Exam Dumps | What is the formula for calculating risk?

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ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist
ISA.ISA-IEC-62443.v2026-04-16.q103
Question 51

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Question 51/103

What is the formula for calculating risk?

A. Risk = Likelihood + Consequence

B. Risk = Threat - Vulnerability * Consequence

C. Risk = Threat + Vulnerability + Consequence

D. Risk = Threat * Vulnerability * Consequence

Correct Answer: D

The formula for risk in ISA/IEC 62443 is typically expressed as:
Risk = Threat × Vulnerability × Consequence
This means that risk is a product of the likelihood that a threat will exploit a vulnerability and the impact (consequence) if that event occurs. This formula is consistently used in both the general information security domain and explicitly referenced in the ISA/IEC 62443-3-2 standard in the context of IACS risk assessments.
Reference: ISA/IEC 62443-3-2:2020, Section 5.2 ("Risk is typically calculated as Threat × Vulnerability × Consequence"); ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2009, Section 5.2.4.

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