ISA/IEC 62443 emphasizes that physical security and cybersecurity are interdependent and must complement each other to provide robust protection for industrial automation and control systems (IACS). Physical security measures (like locks, fences, access cards) protect against unauthorized physical access, while cybersecurity measures protect against digital threats. Both must work together; for example, a cyber attacker might gain physical access to a control cabinet or a physical intruder might exploit weak network security.
Reference: ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2009, Section 4.2.5 ("Physical and environmental security"); ISA/IEC 62443-
1-1:2007, Section 4.5.