insertion loss
Explanation:
Insertion loss refers to the decrease of optical power that occurs when light passes through a passive optical component such as connectors, splitters, filters, or splices. This loss results from absorption, scattering, or imperfect coupling within the component. In optical transmission systems, insertion loss is a critical parameter affecting link budget and overall signal quality. HCIP-Transmission materials stress managing insertion loss to ensure sufficient power reaches the receiver and to maintain the integrity of transmitted signals over long distances. Proper component selection and maintenance help minimize insertion loss in WDM systems.