To prevent two Terraform runs from changing the same state file simultaneously, state locking is used. State locking ensures that when one Terraform operation is running, others will be blocked from making changes to the same state, thus preventing conflicts and data corruption. This is achieved by configuring the state backend to support locking, which will lock the state for all operations that could write to the state.
References = This information is supported by Terraform's official documentation, which explains the importance of state locking and how it can be configured for different backends to prevent concurrent state modifications .