Explanation
Wi-Fi is a wireless networking protocol that uses radio waves to communicate data over the air. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that have different characteristics depending on their amplitude, phase, and frequency. Amplitude is the height of the wave, phase is the position of the wave relative to a reference point, and frequency is the number of cycles of the wave per second. To transmit data using Wi-Fi, these characteristics are modulated, or changed, according to a predefined scheme that encodes bits of information.
For example, a high amplitude wave can represent a 1 bit, and a low amplitude wave can represent a 0 bit.
Similarly, a positive phase shift can represent a 1 bit, and a negative phase shift can represent a 0 bit.
Likewise, a high frequency wave can represent a 1 bit, and a low frequency wave can represent a 0 bit. By modulating these characteristics, Wi-Fi can transmit data in binary form over the air. Different modulation schemes can achieve different data rates and reliability, depending on the channel conditions and interference.
Some common modulation schemes used by Wi-Fi are Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). References: Understanding Wi-Fi and How It Works, Introduction to Wi-Fi Wireless Networking, Wireless Communication - Overview, Wireless Communication | Set 1.