Creating a Dockerfile for each environment, specifying ports and Docker secrets for certificates is not a way to provision configuration to containers at runtime. A Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the command line to assemble an image1. A Dockerfile is used to build an image, not to run a container. Once an image is built, the configuration specified in the Dockerfile cannot be changed at runtime. To provision configuration to containers at runtime, you need to use a different mechanism, such as environment variables, command-line arguments, or config maps234. Reference:
Dockerfile reference | Docker Docs
Environment variables in Compose | Docker Docs
Override the default command | Docker Docs
Configuration management with Containers | Kubernetes