A race condition occurs when two or more processes attempt to access and modify a shared resource simultaneously, leading to unintended behavior. In this scenario, the attacker was able to modify a temporary field before the SQL update completed, indicating a time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) vulnerability, which is a type of race condition.
Memory injection (B) refers to inserting malicious code into a running process's memory, but that is not what is happening here.
Malicious update (C) is too broad and does not specifically describe this scenario.
Side loading (D) is a technique where malicious software is loaded via a trusted application, unrelated to this case.
Reference:
CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Official Study Guide, Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Mitigations domain.