A network technician is informed that some clients cannot connect to a critical business application. This
application is hosted on a server that resides within the local VLAN. The server has a domain name of
Appserver1.CorpXYZ.local. The technician notices some client machines can still connect to the
application server, while others in the same office cannot. All of the office computers share similar
networking hardware, and connect to the same switch.
The network technician inspects an office computer that cannot establish a connection. The technician
simultaneously runs a protocol analyzer on this office computer, and then attempts to ping the address
Appserver.CorpXYZ.local. The technician receives a reply to the ping, but a connection to the business
application still cannot be established. The following output is observed in the protocol analyzer:

Based on this output, which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the connectivity issues?