Based on the output in the image, which shows weak cipher suites and vulnerabilities related to encryption padding, the padding oracle attack is the most likely. This type of attack exploits the way padding errors are handled during decryption, potentially allowing an attacker to decrypt sensitive information. The weak cipher suites and lack of forward secrecy further increase the likelihood of such an attack succeeding. CASP+ highlights padding oracle attacks as critical vulnerabilities, particularly in environments where weak encryption protocols are used.
References:
* CASP+ CAS-004 Exam Objectives: Domain 2.0 - Enterprise Security Operations (Encryption and Padding Oracle Attacks)
* CompTIA CASP+ Study Guide: Cryptographic Attacks and Cipher Vulnerabilities