It was in 1983.
The original paper is available for purchase for a very modest fee from the Harvard Business Review website.
The original paper is lucid, thought-provoking and in my opinion desirable reading for any-one who wishes to seriously learn about procurement. Especially tutors of procurement - ask your CIPS tutor if they've read the original work!
If you're having trouble understanding what some of all this 'Kraljic talk' is about, treat yourself for $5 to the original work - the matrix has since been much discussed and developed, but is widely misunderstood, even by many who should know better. Professor Kraljic will appreciate the royal-ties. :)