HIV patients require Airborne Precautions if they have tuberculosis (TB). A cavitary lesion in the upper lobe is highly suggestive of active pulmonary TB, which requires Airborne Precautions due to aerosolized transmission.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect?
* A. 24-year-old male newly diagnosed with a CD4 count of 70 - Low CD4 count alone does not warrant Airborne Precautions unless there is active TB or another airborne pathogen.
* B. 28-year-old female with Mycobacterium avium in sputum - Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is not airborne, and standard precautions are sufficient.
* C. 36-year-old male with cryptococcal meningitis - Cryptococcus neoformans is not transmitted via the airborne route, so Airborne Precautions are unnecessary.
CBIC Infection Control Reference
Patients with HIV and suspected TB require Airborne Precautions until TB is ruled out.