Explanation/Reference:
Explanation
A product catalog is a collection of products with their pricing information. The product catalog entities let you create a rich product classification system in Microsoft Dynamics CRM that provides support for:
(A) Defining hierarchical structure of product families and products with configurable properties

(attributes) that help you reduce the number of product stock keeping units (SKUs) needed to maintain your product catalog.
(D) Specify whether you want the price level (price list) to be automatically set for an opportunity, quote,

order, or invoice based on the sales territory relationship of the user. Etc.
Selling individual products or grouping them into bundles and kits. A bundle or a kit is a collection of

products that is sold as single unit. Product bundling is useful in grouping products in a way that customers get more benefit from the full line of products or to offer discounts on bundled products.
Defining multiple pricing and discounting models. You can also use custom pricing instead of the CRM

system pricing to calculate prices when you associate a product or bundle to an opportunity, quote, order, or invoice. Further, you can select whether to apply discounts for products at the per-unit or line level.
Defining related products in the system (substitute, cross-sell, up-sell, or accessory). The related

products for a product are displayed as suggestions to the sales agents when they add the product to an opportunity, quote, order, or invoice.
Specifying localized values for certain product properties (attributes) to make the product names and

descriptions available in the user-preferred languages.
References: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg327997.aspx