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Which of the following is TRUE related to network sniffing?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation/Reference: Explanation: Packet sniffing is the process of intercepting data as it is transmitted over a network. A sniffer (packet sniffer) is a tool that intercepts data flowing in a network. If computers are connected to a local area network that is not filtered or switched, the traffic can be broadcast to all computers contained in the same segment. This doesn't generally occur, since computers are generally told to ignore all the comings and goings of traffic from other computers. However, in the case of a sniffer, all traffic is shared when the sniffer software commands the Network Interface Card (NIC) to stop ignoring the traffic. The NIC is put into promiscuous mode, and it reads communications between computers within a particular segment. This allows the sniffer to seize everything that is flowing in the network, which can lead to the unauthorized access of sensitive data. A packet sniffer can take the form of either a hardware or software solution. A sniffer is also known as a packet analyzer. Incorrect Answers: B: Sniffers do not alter the source address of a computer to disguise and exploit weak authentication methods. This describes IP spoofing. C: Sniffers do not take over network connections. Session Hijacking tools allow an attacker to take over network connections, kicking off the legitimate user or sharing a login. D: Sniffers do not send IP fragments to a system that overlap with each other. This describes a Malformed Packet attack. Malformed Packet attacks are a type of DoS attack that involves one or two packets that are formatted in an unexpected way. Many vendor product implementations do not take into account all variations of user entries or packet types. If software handles such errors poorly, the system may crash when it receives such packets. A classic example of this type of attack involves sending IP fragments to a system that overlap with each other (the fragment offset values are incorrectly set. Some unpatched Windows and Linux systems will crash when the encounter such packets. References: http://www.techopedia.com/definition/4113/sniffer