API-571 Exam Dumps | Different organisms thrive on different nutrients including inorganic substances (Sulfur, H²S), and organic

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Question 34/272

Different organisms thrive on different nutrients including inorganic substances (Sulfur, H²S), and organic substances (Hydrocarbons, Organic acids). In addition, all organisms require a source of carbon, nitrogen and _______ for growth.

A. Oxygen

B. Phosphorous

C. Water

D. Manganese

Question List (272q): Question 1: In piping and equipment, creep cracking can occur where high...; Question 2: What is the chemical symbol for propane or propylene?...; Question 3: In HF service, carbon steel operating above ________ should ...; Question 4: Which of the following can be affected by 885º F Embrittleme...; Question 5: Carbonate cracking typically propagates _________ to the wel...; Question 6: ____________ are characterized by a localized loss in thickn...; Question 7: Units where graphitization may be suspected are the FCCU and...; Question 8: Temper embrittlement _________ be prevented if the material ...; Question 9: Temperature, ________ and stress are critical factors of str...; Question 10: SCC tendency ________ towards the alkaline pH region...; Question 11: Hydrogen stress cracking is the same mechanism that is respo...; Question 12: Which of these materials are not susceptible to Spheroidizat...; Question 13: _________ is most likely found in hard weld and heat-affecte...; Question 14: In HF service, carbon steel forms a protective _________ sca...; Question 15: Type 304L SS is satisfactory for phosphoric acid concentrati...; Question 16: In most cases, brittle fracture occurs only at temperatures ...; Question 17: Which of the following materials are susceptible to nitridin...; Question 18: __________ is a form of cracking that results when certain m...; Question 19: ____________ is a form of environmental cracking that can in...; Question 20: Which of the following is not a primary factor contributing ...; Question 21: Time to failure by thermal fatigue is primarily affected by:...; Question 22: Stainless steel cyclones, piping ductwork and valves in high...; Question 23: Naphthenic acid corrosion is a form of high temperature corr...; Question 24: Creep and stress rupture is more likely in a _________ grain...; Question 25: With sour water corrosion, at a given pressure, the H²S conc...; Question 26: Convert these temperatures - 156º C and 450º F...; Question 27: The best method to inspect for SCC is ____....; Question 28: Annealed steels are more resistant to Spheroidization than n...; Question 29: __________ is a change in the microstructure of certain carb...; Question 30: A 6", A106 Gr B, flanged line carrying caustic wash water at...; Question 31: Sulfidation is primarily caused by ________ and other reacti...; Question 32: __________ is usually found in aqueous environments or servi...; Question 33: Corrosion from oxygen in boiler feed water usually creates:...; Question 34: Different organisms thrive on different nutrients including ...; Question 35: 300 Series SS, 400 Series SS and duplex SS are subject to pi...; Question 36: Naphthenic acid is _____ by catalytic reactions in downstrea...; Question 37: Amine cracking has been reported down to ambient temperature...; Question 38: The extent and depth of decarburization is a function of tem...; Question 39: Atmospheric corrosion:; Question 40: Ferritic stainless steels are usually not used in __________...; Question 41: A fatigue fracture is brittle and the cracks are most often ...; Question 42: Sulfur and chlorine species in fuel will form sulfur dioxide...; Question 43: Once cracking from LME has occurred, grinding out the affect...; Question 44: For galvanic corrosion to take place, three conditions must ...; Question 45: In order for PASCC to occur the material must be ______....; Question 46: __________ are the most common type of equipment susceptible...; Question 47: Titanium should not be used in known hydriding services such...; Question 48: Spheroidization and graphitization are competing mechanisms ...; Question 49: Stress relief and stabilization heat treatment of 300 Series...; Question 50: Soil corrosion of carbon steel can be minimized through the ...; Question 51: Ammonium chloride salts may be whitish, greenish or ________...; Question 52: Which of the following are affected by sulfidation?...; Question 53: Steam blanketing is when the heat flow balance is disturbed;...; Question 54: Since all fuels contain some amount of sulfur, sulfuric and ...; Question 55: Corrosion by HF (Hydrofluoric) acid can result in high rates...; Question 56: Which if the following materials are not susceptible to hydr...; Question 57: Which of the following materials is susceptible to CO² corro...; Question 58: Carburization can be confirmed by substantial increases in _...; Question 59: Hardness levels above ________ are highly susceptible to hyd...; Question 60: Preventative measures to minimize the potential for brittle ...; Question 61: With decarburization, the decarburized layer will be free of...; Question 62: Temper embrittlement can be identified by a(n) shift in the ...; Question 63: Vessels constructed after December, 1987 are subject to the ...; Question 64: Resistance to sulfidation increases as the:...; Question 65: The level of creep damage is a function of the material and ...; Question 66: _________ corrosion rates are found in a gas oil desulfurize...; Question 67: Equipment that is temper embrittled may be susceptible to __...; Question 68: Regular and controlled carbon grades of stainless steels suc...; Question 69: Caustic embrittlement cracking can be effectively prevented ...; Question 70: Cracks connecting hydrogen blisters are referred to as _____...; Question 71: High strength steels are susceptible to LME when they come i...; Question 72: ________ has been a major problem on coke drum shells....; Question 73: ______ is most likely found in hard welds and heat affected ...; Question 74: Which of the following materials is affected by high tempera...; Question 75: Which of the following metals is the most anodic?...; Question 76: Start-up and shutdown of equipment increase the susceptibili...; Question 77: The effects of hydrogen embrittlement ___________ with _____...; Question 78: SCC usually occurs at pH values above two (2). SCC tendency ...; Question 79: Thermal fatigue cracks usually:...; Question 80: Which of these materials are susceptible to brittle fracture...; Question 81: In general, the resistance of iron and nickel based alloys t...; Question 82: Hydrogen permeation or diffusion rates have been found to be...; Question 83: All piping and equipment exposed to HF acid at any concentra...; Question 84: Fatigue cracks usually initiate on the surface at notches or...; Question 85: Thermal fatigue becomes of concern if the temperature swings...; Question 86: High temperature H² / H²S corrosion damage is minimized by u...; Question 87: Many thermal fatigue cracks are filled with:...; Question 88: ________ and _______ damage develop without applied or resid...; Question 89: Protection in a boiler from boiler feed water corrosion is a...; Question 90: Low alloy steels contain a maximum of _______ chrome....; Question 91: At a given pressure, the H²S concentration in the sour water...; Question 92: Hardness is primarily an issue with SSC. Typical low strengt...; Question 93: Geometry, stress level, _________ and material properties ar...; Question 94: ______ is similar to HIC but is a potentially more damaging ...; Question 95: ________ eliminates the susceptibility of most common steels...; Question 96: Which of these materials exhibit an endurance limit below wh...; Question 97: Which of the following is not a critical factor that contrib...; Question 98: Corrosion rates of the anode will be less affected if there ...; Question 99: Which of the following does not increases the likelihood of ...; Question 100: Which of these cast irons are not susceptible to graphitic c...; Question 101: __________ is a form of damage found mostly in older vintage...; Question 102: At elevated temperatures, dissimilar weld metal cracking is ...; Question 103: For a specific material, HTHA is dependent on temperature, h...; Question 104: A condition where steel loses strength due to the removal of...; Question 105: SSC is a form of hydrogen stress cracking resulting from the...; Question 106: The most common method used for monitoring underground struc...; Question 107: With very few exceptions, cooling water should always be on ...; Question 108: The accepted way to test for temper embrittlement is _______...; Question 109: The severity of hydrochloric acid corrosion ________ with __...; Question 110: Dew point corrosion can occur if the metal temperature is be...; Question 111: Which of the following is not a major factor associated with...; Question 112: Corrosion from oxygen tends to be __________ type damage and...; Question 113: Thermal fatigue is caused by:; Question 114: With CUI, corrosion rates __________ with increasing metal t...; Question 115: Sulfidation is also known as ____________....; Question 116: Cavitation is a form of erosion caused by the formation and ...; Question 117: _________ is accelerated high temperature wastage of materia...; Question 118: MIC is often found in _________, bottom water of storage tan...; Question 119: It is generally accepted that stresses approaching _________...; Question 120: Hydrogen blisters may form at many different depths from the...; Question 121: With short term overheating, time to failure will __________...; Question 122: Cracking of dissimilar weld metals occurs in the __________ ...; Question 123: Thermal fatigue damage is in the form of cracking that may o...; Question 124: _________ is a change in the microstructure of certain carbo...; Question 125: Lean amine is generally not corrosive because they have eith...; Question 126: The dewpoint of hydrochloric acid depends on the concentrati...; Question 127: Stresses acting on the weldments are significantly ________ ...; Question 128: When connected to a more anodic material, titanium may suffe...; Question 129: For carbon steel, common velocity limits are generally limit...; Question 130: Dissimilar weld metal cracking can be aggravated by _______....; Question 131: With sulfuric acid corrosion, mix points with _______ cause ...; Question 132: Which of the following materials is susceptible to sigma pha...; Question 133: What test is used to determine a material's toughness?...; Question 134: To prevent hydrogen embrittlement, use lower strength steels...; Question 135: Geometry, stress level, number of cycles and _________ are t...; Question 136: Carbonate SCC can occur at relatively low levels of ________...; Question 137: Vibration-induced fatigue can be eliminated or reduced throu...; Question 138: 300 Series SS, 5Cr, 9Cr and 12Cr alloys are not susceptible ...; Question 139: Cooling water corrosion and __________ are closely related a...; Question 140: The regenerator reboiler and the regenerator are areas where...; Question 141: Susceptibility of an alloy to sulfidation is determined by i...; Question 142: Inspection for wet H2S damage generally focuses on _____ and...; Question 143: Hydrogen blisters may form as surface bulges on the ID, the ...; Question 144: Cracks associated with brittle fracture will typically be __...; Question 145: Steel hardness, __________ and stress are critical factors i...; Question 146: Nitriding is usually confined to the surface of most compone...; Question 147: The primary factors affecting high temperature oxidation are...; Question 148: ____________ is the reduction in toughness due to a metallur...; Question 149: The creep threshold temperature for 1 ¼, 2 ¼, 5 and 9 Cr is ...; Question 150: In general, the resistance of carbon steel and other alloys ...; Question 151: Changing to a more corrosion resistant and/or higher hardnes...; Question 152: ___________ is the result of cyclic stresses caused by varia...; Question 153: What structure is 409 stainless steel?...; Question 154: With sour water corrosion, streams with a pH below ________ ...; Question 155: Graphitization can be prevented by using chromium containing...; Question 156: HCL acid corrosion is found in several units, especially ___...; Question 157: When caustic stress corrosion cracking is a concern, steam o...; Question 158: Which of the following materials are the least susceptible t...; Question 159: Key factors affecting thermal fatigue are the magnitude of t...; Question 160: Corrosion rates of the anode can be high if there is a _____...; Question 161: For pressure vessels, inspection should focus on welds of __...; Question 162: Thermal fatigue cracks usually initiate on the _________ of ...; Question 163: A form of fatigue cracking in which cracks develop under the...; Question 164: Naphthenic acid corrosion is most severe in _________ flow; ...; Question 165: The presence of _________ can destabilize the scale and turn...; Question 166: For furnaces, to prevent PASCC, keep the firebox heated abov...; Question 167: Corrosion under insulation becomes more severe at metal temp...; Question 168: Where is PASCC normally located?...; Question 169: ____________ is often found in piping and equipment that han...; Question 170: Heat treatment can have a significant effect on the toughnes...; Question 171: What structure is 410 stainless steel?...; Question 172: Corrosion of the anode may be significantly higher ________ ...; Question 173: Damage due to __________ is not visible and can only be obse...; Question 174: _________ is a mechanical form of degradation that occurs wh...; Question 175: Thermal fatigue cracks propagate ________ to the stress and ...; Question 176: Weld heat affected zone graphitization is most frequently fo...; Question 177: Cracking of dissimilar weld metals occurs on the _________ s...; Question 178: PWHT is ___________ in preventing caustic SCC....; Question 179: Susceptibility to temper embrittlement is largely determined...; Question 180: Sulfidation is primarily caused by:...; Question 181: Titanium Hydriding damage occurs primarily in sour water str...; Question 182: Which of the following materials are subject to mechanical f...; Question 183: Caustic stress corrosion cracking typically propagates _____...; Question 184: ________ of a component is the most important factor in dete...; Question 185: With chloride stress corrosion cracking, __________ temperat...; Question 186: The amplitude and frequency of vibration as well as the ____...; Question 187: Temper embrittlement is a metallurgical change that is not r...; Question 188: Creep damage is found in high temperature equipment operatin...; Question 189: Amine cracking is ________ likely to occur in lean MEA and D...; Question 190: SSC is a form of hydrogen stress cracking resulting from the...; Question 191: Corrosion in boiler feedwater and condensate return systems ...; Question 192: A quick test for embrittlement from _________ is a bend test...; Question 193: In most cases, brittle fracture occurs only at temperatures ...; Question 194: Which of the methods are effective for finding thermal fatig...; Question 195: Galvanized steel components should not be welded to ________...; Question 196: Amine units are used in refineries to remove H²S, CO² and __...; Question 197: Which of the following materials is not susceptible to Cl SC...; Question 198: The loss in strength from spheroidization (Softening) is usu...; Question 199: The "L" grade of stainless steels will sensitize if exposed ...; Question 200: Damage from sigma phase appears in the form of ________....; Question 201: With Cl SCC, ________ levels of chloride ________ the likeli...; Question 202: With steam blanketing, failure occurs as a result of _______...; Question 203: Most brittle failures appear as:...; Question 204: Cavitation is best prevented by avoiding conditions that all...; Question 205: If wet electrodes or high moisture content flux weld electro...; Question 206: What treatment is used to prevent boiler feed water corrosio...; Question 207: Which of these materials is not susceptible to amine crackin...; Question 208: Mitigation of CUI is best achieved by _________....; Question 209: In vessels and piping, creep cracking can occur where high m...; Question 210: A form of corrosion caused by living organisms such as bacte...; Question 211: A form of thermal cracking, __________, can occur when high ...; Question 212: If wet electrodes or high moisture content flux is used, ___...; Question 213: ___________ cooling water outlet temperatures and/or process...; Question 214: Carbon dioxide (CO²) corrosion results when CO² dissolves in...; Question 215: Liquid metal embrittlement can occur if 300 Series SS comes ...; Question 216: __________ caustic concentrations and ________ temperatures ...; Question 217: Characteristic stress corrosion cracks have many branches an...; Question 218: Alloys with increased amounts of _______ show improved resis...; Question 219: Sigma phase occurs in Ferritic, martensitic, austenitic and ...; Question 220: Increasing the chromium in steels offers no major improvemen...; Question 221: Foul smelling water may be a sign of fouling and/or _______...; Question 222: Wet H²S services or _________ acid services are process wher...; Question 223: Amine cracking is a form of ________ stress corrosion cracki...; Question 224: With creep, increased stress due to loss in thickness from c...; Question 225: Metal dusting is preceded by ________ and is characterized b...; Question 226: ________ usually occurs when a colder liquid contacts a warm...; Question 227: With high temperature hydrogen attack, ________ using a comb...; Question 228: General or localized corrosion of carbon steels and other me...; Question 229: Stress levels and __________ are the critical factors causin...; Question 230: Exposure to high solution strength caustic can result in gen...; Question 231: The more noble material, called the ________, is protected b...; Question 232: Carbon steel is susceptible to SCC when used in ___________ ...; Question 233: In order to minimize and prevent amine SCC, PWHT all carbon ...; Question 234: ________ significantly increases the probability and severit...; Question 235: Sour water corrosion in _________ containing environments ma...; Question 236: A steam actuated soot blower has condensate in the first ste...; Question 237: A prime location for erosion is:...; Question 238: The creep threshold temperature for carbon steel is ________...; Question 239: With high temperature sulfide corrosion (Sulfidation), notic...; Question 240: Ammonium chloride salts are hydroscopic and readily absorb w...; Question 241: Short term overheating is a permanent deformation occurring ...; Question 242: ________ is a form of carbon that may promote carburization,...; Question 243: Sulfidation usually creates:; Question 244: 300 Series SS is susceptible to LME when it comes in contact...; Question 245: With ammonia stress corrosion cracking weld hardness should ...; Question 246: A carbon steel bundle from the overhead condenser in the cru...; Question 247: In design and fabrication, it is advisable to avoid sharp ch...; Question 248: Mechanical fatigue can cause cracks that initiate from the s...; Question 249: At elevated temperature, the carbide phases in certain carbo...; Question 250: Although the loss of toughness from temper embrittlement is ...; Question 251: If weld repairs are required, the effects of temper embrittl...; Question 252: The sudden rapid fracture under stress (residual or applied)...; Question 253: Susceptibility to hydrogen stress cracking __________ with _...; Question 254: What is the chemical symbol for ethane or ethylene?...; Question 255: Erosion-corrosion is a description for the damage that occur...; Question 256: What structure is 304 stainless steel?...; Question 257: Most brittle failures occur:; Question 258: All piping and equipment exposed to HF acid at any concentra...; Question 259: With hydrofluoric acid corrosion, corrosion rates increase w...; Question 260: Dissimilar weld metal cracking occurs because the coefficien...; Question 261: SOHIC is driven by localized stresses so that __________ is ...; Question 262: Which of the following is not a method used to prevent britt...; Question 263: Cracking can occur at low caustic levels if a concentrating ...; Question 264: Which of the following are susceptible to thermal fatigue?...; Question 265: Inspecting for high-cycle fatigue can be difficult since:...; Question 266: ASME Section VIII had few limitations concerning brittle fra...; Question 267: The best way to prevent 885º F embrittlement is to use low _...; Question 268: With cooling water corrosion, _________ oxygen content tends...; Question 269: Formation of a metallurgical phase known as sigma phase resu...; Question 270: Conditions favoring carburization include a high gas phase c...; Question 271: The endurance limit is usually about:...; Question 272: Which of the following materials are generally not suitable ...

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